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- In general, any system of belief; in the
- Christian church the verbal confessions of
- faith expressing the accepted doctrines of
- the church. The different forms are the
- Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed, and the
- Athanasian Creed. The only creed recognized
- by the Orthodox Church is the Nicene. The
- oldest is the Apostles' Creed, which, though
- not the work of the apostles, was probably
- first formulated in the 2nd century. The full
- version of the Apostles' Creed, as now used,
- first appeared about 750. The use of creeds
- as a mode of combating heresy was established
- by the appearance of the Nicene Creed,
- introduced by the Council of Nicaea in 325
- when Arianism was widespread, and giving the
- orthodox doctrine of the Trinity. The Nicene
- Creed used today is substantially the same as
- the version adopted at the church council in
- Constantinople in 381, with a filioque clause
- added during the 5th and 8th centuries in the
- Western church. The Athanasian Creed is
- thought to be later in origin than the time
- of Athanasius (died 373), although it
- represents his views in a detailed exposition
- of the doctrines of the Trinity and the
- incarnation. Some authorities suppose it to
- have been composed in the 8th or 9th century
- but others place it as early as the 4th or
- 5th century.
-